Аэродинамика велосипеда

Аэродинамика велосипеда

Аэродинамика велосипеда складывается из компонентов, спроектированных для уменьшения воздушного сопротивления, которое оказывает наиболее существенное влияние на скорость велосипедиста.

Самым старым аэродинамическим компонентом остаётся изогнутый руль. С течением времени были созданы другие части велосипеда, производящиеся в аэродинамической версии.

Лобовое сопротивление и трение воздуха - одни из главных аэродинамических помех.  Тупой объект с множеством уступов оказывает большое сопротивление плавному обтеканию воздуха, а также зоны низкого давления находящиеся за объектом. От высокого давления спереди велосипедиста и низкого позади - его буквально тянет назад. 

Различные обтекатели обеспечивают гладкое обтекание воздухом объекта и снижают помеху от завихрений воздуха. Прямое трение возникает, когда движущийся воздух контактирует с внешней поверхностью велосипеда и гонщика. Поэтому для уменьшения прямого трения гонщики используют обтягивающую форму. 

Тем не менее, прямое трение воздуха оказывает меньшее сопротивление, чем лобовое сопротивление.

 аэродинамика аэродинамика


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The first firearms originated in 10th-century China, when bamboo tubes containing gunpowder and pellet projectiles were mounted on spears to make the portable fire lance,[4] operable by a single person, which was later used effectively as a shock weapon in the siege of De'an in 1132. In the 13th century, fire lance barrels were replaced with metal tubes and transformed into the metal-barreled hand cannon.[5] The technology gradually spread throughout Eurasia during the 14th century. Older firearms typically used black powder as a propellant, but modern firearms use smokeless powder or other propellants. Most modern firearms (with the notable exception of smoothbore shotguns) have rifled barrels to impart spin to the projectile for improved flight stability.Handguns can be categorized into two broad types: pistols, which have a single fixed firing chamber machined into the rear of the barrel, and are often loaded using magazines of varying capacities; revolvers, which have a number of firing chambers or "charge holes" in a revolving cylinder, each one loaded with a single cartridge or charge; and derringers, broadly defined as any handgun that is not a traditional pistol nor a revolver.buy magnum research guns
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A gun is a device or ranged weapon designed to propel a projectile using pressure or explosive force.[1][2] The projectiles are typically solid, but can also be pressurized liquid (e.g. in water guns/cannons), or gas (e.g. light-gas gun). Solid projectiles may be free-flying (as with bullets and artillery shells) or tethered (as with Tasers, spearguns and harpoon guns). A large-caliber gun is also called a cannon.The means of projectile propulsion vary according to designs, but are traditionally effected pneumatically by a high gas pressure contained within a barrel tube (gun barrel), produced either through the rapid exothermic combustion of propellants (as with firearms), or by mechanical compression (as with air guns). The high-pressure gas is introduced behind the projectile, pushing and accelerating it down the length of the tube, imparting sufficient launch velocity to sustain its further travel towards the target once the propelling gas ceases acting upon it after it exits the muzzle. Alternatively, new-concept linear motor weapons may employ an electromagnetic field to achieve acceleration, in which case the barrel may be substituted by guide rails (as in railguns) or wrapped with magnetic coils (as in coilguns).
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